Abstract:
Alongside with other humanities, modern Kazakh philology is forming new cultural anthropology in the context of the nationwide idea. Responding to the challenges of the new era, the literature of sovereign Kazakhstan is based on the experience and traditions of literature and history of the past. The process of qualitative updating art systems in the last decade of XX - beginning of XXI is mainly owe to the release of a set of regulatory framework. In addition, the nation’s cultural heritage, folk art traditions, stories and images remain a plentiful source of inspiration. One of the founders of Kazakh folklore studies, S.A. Kaskabassov, was the first to identify and carry out the classificatory and typological research of verbal prose and Kazakh mythology. The works of folklorists of Bashkiria, Tatarstan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan confirmed the established laws of historical development of folklore prose from the archaic forms to highly artistic works. The publication of academic collection of animals’ fairy-tales in Russian, the "KozyKorpesh and Bayan Sulu", national lyric epos, unique folklore texts collected by local historiansresearchers, XVII-XIX centuries’ works of zhiraus was text work. The book of Kaskabassov "Gold Mine" is a peculiar cultural writing in which the scientific comment helps to value folklore monuments as a “source of intellectual culture”. Pondering on the "international" nature of folklore story leads the philologist to the conclusion about the specifics of Kazakh plot, in particular, "optimistic love concept in Kazakh romance epos" [1]. Folklore, verbal individual poetry, written literature, art of music, poetry of zhiraus, work of Bey-Sheshens, - here is an incomplete list of issues and aspects that determined the development of Kazakh folklore studies. Author's rhetoric in the characteristic of spiritual power of his nation is based on the high authority of the poet, when eloquence has been considered the highest level of art. Analysis of the zhiraus’ works reveals their priestly character and functions of the public service. Folklore and myths in Kazakhstan philology are considered to be the most important image and style basis of national literature. The genetic invariance of folklore texts stimulates ceaseless renewal by means of author’s interpretations and metaphorically “folded” idea-formulae. The investigation of the national specificity of Kazakh folklore is parallel to the studies of the Slavic folklore in Kazakhstan, to its collection, systematization and publishing. The folklore and ethnography integration during folklore expeditions contributed invaluable material for scientific observations and conclusions about the modern state of verbal traditions, of Slavic folklore in the multiethnic Kazakhstan, of the influence of transformation processes, of genre “extinction” etc.
