Abstract:
Introduction: The aim of this study is to characterize the migration interaction
between Kazakhstan and the Central Asian countries, as well as the Kazakh
diaspora within them. To achieve this objective, key aspects of Kazakhstan’s new
migration policy, as reflected in national legislation, were identified, as well as
gaps in the new Migration Policy Concept of Kazakhstan.
Methods: Using statistical data from national statistical institutions, the World
Bank, and the “Otandastar Fund” Society, the Kazakh diaspora was characterized in
terms of its quantitative representation in each of the Central Asian countries. The
relationship between the diaspora and the national population, as well as other
diasporas, was analyzed, including the proportion of the Kazakh diaspora within the
regional (Central Asian countries) and global context. Based on the analysis of official
information from Kazakhstan’s diplomatic missions, the main areas of work with the
Kazakh diaspora in each of the countries in the region were identified.
Results and discussion: It was shown that, despite a significant historical, ethnic,
and mental commonality, migration processes between Kazakhstan and each of the
Central Asian countries have their peculiarities. The activities of the diasporas and
the organization of their interaction with the country of origin also have significant
differences, as do the reasons for the decline in the Kazakh diaspora’s numbers
in certain Central Asian countries. The modern development of international
relations necessitates a revision of the concept of diaspora by adding additional
characteristics to the ethnic component, allowing people from one country of
origin to unite not only based on co-residence in another state but also through
non-territorial association aimed at supporting the country of origin, particularly in
scientific, business, economics and socially useful interests. The results of this study
can form the basis for national laws, concepts, and programs in the field of migration
and cooperation with the Kazakh diaspora in the Central Asian region, as well as for
practical activities in this area.
