Offset Straight-Tooth Roller Development Using the Discrete Element Method for Applying Granular Mineral Fertilizer

Abstract

This study aimed to design and evaluate offset straight teeth roller for precise application of granular mineral fertilizer at low rotation speeds. In the first stage, the experiment focused on optimizing the gap length between offset straight-tooth to prevent unintended fertilizer flow and ensure even distribution. In the second stage, additional gaps on the left and right sides of offset straight teeth were compared to a single gap. The results of the comparison showed that adding gaps on the sides improved the discharge rate and the uniformity of distribution. Therefore, offset straight-tooth roller was divided into five sections, each with a length of 12 mm. Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations showed an actual discharge mass of 148.35 g, producing a slippage rate of 35.9%. Verification using laboratory equipment with offset straight-tooth roller showed a discharge of 150 g of mineral granular fertilizer.