Suffrage and Its Implementation by Kazakh Deputies of the State Duma of Russia at the beginning of the XXth century. Alikhan Bukeikhanov and Shaimerden Kosshygulov

Abstract

Suffrage by citizens of the Russian Empire was realized at the beginning of the twentieth century. Among the elected to the Duma were non-Kazakhs. The source base of the study of parliamentarians and their political careers: scientist Bukeikhanov and Mullah Kosshygulov - archived materials of the former State Duma and the press of Russia of the early twentieth century. The topic is poorly covered in historical literature, since both deputies were victims of Soviet repression. The authors studied the sources from the funds of the RGAKFFD, RGIA (Russian Federation), TCC DAB OAK (Turkey), the Central State Archive of Kazakhstan (Kazakhstan). Methods of dialectical logic, analysis and synthesis, retrospection, verification and reconstructing little-known aspects of the all-Russian political process were used. Although the educational qualifications of Bukeikhanov (secular) and Kosshygulov (Islamic) differed, as did their lifestyle, both deputies took seriously the possibility of determining the fate of the people in the high rank of Duma members. There were curious parallels between the public activity of deputies during the period under study, in the context of international relations. Kosshygulov visited the Ottoman Empire. The self-identification of the people's deputies did not go beyond the scope of Russian citizenship.