CRISPR-Cas and CRISPR-associated systems (CRISPR-Cas) are key immune mechanisms that allow prokaryotic species to ward off RNA and DNA viruses. CRISPR/Cas9 has broad biotechnology and basic research applications, as well as being widely used across eukaryotic species for genome engineering and functional gene analysis. Newly developed CRISPR/Cas13 systems target RNA rather than ...