Challenges and needs of women in prison: a study on social and health factors

Abstract

This scientific article presents a comprehensive study on the challenges and needs of women in prison, with a focus on social and health-related factors. The research aims to identify key problems faced by incarcerated women, analyze the social and economic factors contributing to their difficult situations, assess HIV infection rates, and evaluate HIV prevention activities within the prison system. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, utilizing a formalized questionnaire consisting primarily of closed and semi-closed questions. Data collection was conducted online using the Google Forms platform, and the research database was processed using SPSS for statistical analysis. The survey was conducted from July to November 2021, involving 63 female respondents from Almaty city and Almaty region in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The findings reveal significant issues affecting women in prison. The majority of respondents were women of reproductive age, and a substantial portion had multiple convictions, indicating challenges in resocialization efforts. The lack of identity documents emerged as a critical social and economic factor hindering successful reintegration. Additionally, acceptance by society after release was found to be a major concern, especially for those without contact with their relatives and close individuals. Regarding health indicators, the study highlights the prevalence of HIV and viral hepatitis B and C among incarcerated women. It emphasizes the need for targeted therapeutic activities and monitoring to address the specific needs of this population. The analysis also exposes the absence of compulsory systematic examinations by healthcare professionals in the prison system, particularly pertaining to gynecological and mammological care. The research contributes to the Sustainable Development Goals by aiming to achieve health and wellness for all and to end discrimination against women and girls. It provides insights into the challenges faced by women in prison, guiding the development of policies and interventions to enhance their resocialization, health outcomes, and overall well-being.