http://repository.enu.kz/handle/enu/9352 2026-04-03T23:49:22Z 2026-04-03T23:49:22Z Seilkhan, A. http://repository.enu.kz/handle/enu/9372 2025-06-14T11:12:19Z 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z

The concept of soft power in the theory of international relations Seilkhan, A. The article is devoted to the current topic of international relations - the role and place of soft and hard power. The concept of «soft power» is considered in the context of theories of international relations. The authors describe the concept of the emergence of «soft power», the principles of the liberal theory of international relations, and also describe the connection with the theory of neorealism. In this article, the authors analyze the theory of J. Nye, the founder of the concept of «soft power», the authors describe the mechanism of action of «soft power». A feature of this article is the understanding by the authors of the role of this concept, which affects the image of the state abroad and the strategy for the implementation of national interests through reliance on cooperation and the use of soft power tools through culture, education, humanitarian aid, and the popularization of ideology and lifestyle.

2023-01-01T00:00:00Z Makhmetov, T.M. Maratov, I.A. http://repository.enu.kz/handle/enu/9371 2025-06-14T12:04:51Z 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z

Polish identity in the soviet period: peculiarities and factors of transformation Makhmetov, T.M.; Maratov, I.A. The article is devoted to Poland’s historical events and how they were affecting their national self-consciousness during that time. The article was written based on our research questions “How much did Poland suffer during its attachment to the USSR? How did this affect their national identity? How historical events affect national identity in the example of Poland?” The method of the search is quantitative and was used to find information for the article. The article runs about some facts taken from the history of Poland like the Soviet invasion of Poland, World War II and its consequences for the country, and Poland’s life after World War II. The importance of the topic is that the question of identity has always been at the forefront for Europeans, including Poland, which has experienced some difficulties and changes in self-identification, while some nations have not recognized them as Poles. Critical junctures in the life of every country, be it invader or victim, have always brought about changes not only externally but also subconsciously, shaping or conversely deforming the thinking and perceptions of people and the world. It is important to look soberly into the past and study the history of a country that has experienced not the best events in life, so as to have a clear picture before your eyes for a better understanding of what is happening.

2023-01-01T00:00:00Z Nurtazina, R.A. Serikzhanova, А.T. http://repository.enu.kz/handle/enu/9370 2025-06-14T05:36:18Z 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z

Women’s participation in the political life of Kazakhstan: regulatory aspects Nurtazina, R.A.; Serikzhanova, А.T. This article discusses legislative measures in Kazakhstan that encourage women’s political participation as a crucial base for a successful democracy, highlights advancements and identifies challenges. Through thorough analysis, we have examined the legal and regulatory framework that governs women’s political participation within our country’s political landscape. This framework is designed to ensure equal rights and opportunities for both men and women, with the ultimate goal of eradicating gender-based discrimination. Comprehensive measures have been put in place to eliminate gender inequality within the political sphere, and equal opportunities and treatment are provided to girls and women. Our analysis takes into account both national and international laws. As we crafted the article, we conducted a thorough analysis of content and monitored internet resources. In doing so, we carefully considered the perspectives of experts on the subject of quotas for women, youth, and individuals with disabilities. These experts were divided into two groups, with some viewing quotas as discriminatory and others seeing them as a means to promote political rights for women. We have analyzed statistical data on the representation of women in various fields, such as science, secondary and vocational education, the judicial system, small and medium businesses, and decision-making bodies like the government, Majilis, Maslikhats, Akimats, Senate, and corporations.

2023-01-01T00:00:00Z Sakhiyeva, K.A. Nurdavletova, S.M. Akhmetzhanova, L.K. Akatayeva, A.A. http://repository.enu.kz/handle/enu/9369 2025-06-14T00:17:15Z 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z

Multiculturalism and crisis of identity: the experience of the USA and Canada Sakhiyeva, K.A.; Nurdavletova, S.M.; Akhmetzhanova, L.K.; Akatayeva, A.A. The article provides an overview of international experiences, namely the practices of the United States of America and Canada in which «multiculturalism» acts as a state policy in defining national identity in the area of cultural policy, in the contemporary world the problem of overcoming the crisis of the national identity for any state is one of the most essential topics. The paper also shows that Canada and the United States of America are some of the few countries in the world that use the model of multiculturalism as an integration policy, have a multi-ethnic population, and receive hundreds of thousands of temporary or permanent immigrants every year. The policy of multiculturalism, as one of the models of integration policy, is used in these states as one of the ways to achieve this goal. The purpose of the authors is to analyze the policies and actions of these foreign countries and to show that the calling of a multicultural policy is considered to be the consolidation of a fragmented society by ethno-cultural characteristics, through the comprehensive support of cultural diversity.

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