http://repository.enu.kz/handle/enu/17029 Fri, 03 Apr 2026 21:57:37 GMT 2026-04-03T21:57:37Z http://repository.enu.kz/handle/enu/29217 TRACES OF THE EXTENT OF KAYI IN THE ORANGAY REGION OF KAZAKHSTAN AND HISTORICAL PLACES IN ORANGAY AND ITS VICINITY Zaimoglu, Omer; Baidabekov, Auyez; Sadykova, Janna; Baizhanova, Zhazira; Fazylov, Kamidolla The purpose of the article is to study what traces of their stay the Kayi left in the Orangay region of Kazakhstan. This study utilises a range of scientific research methods, including descriptive, comparative, historical-critical, and dialectical approaches, as well as methods of analysis and synthesis. The investigation reveals that Orangay, situated within the Turkestan oasis and along a branch of the Great Silk Road, played a crucial role in the history of the Kayi tribe during the VIII-XI centuries. This region served as a focal point for the Oghuzes and witnessed the emergence of the Oghuz State in the Aral Sea region and the lower reaches of the Syr Darya. Orangay also marked the consolidation of the Kayi tribe, marking the beginning of their ascendance. Archaeological excavations in the Turkestan oasis provided concrete evidence of the direct connection between the Orangay region and the Kayi tribe, including the discovery of pottery adorned with snake patterns, characteristic of the Kayi tribe’s material culture. In conclusion, this research establishes Orangay as a historically significant region for the Kayi tribe during the VIII-XI centuries in Central Asia. Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.enu.kz/handle/enu/29217 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.enu.kz/handle/enu/29216 Toxic Effects of Aquatic Pharmaceuticals on Chlorella sp. in Kazakhstan Tulegenova, Symbat; Zhantokov, Bolatbek; Shingisbayeva, Zhadra; Beisenova, Raikhan; Dukenbayeva, Assiya; Rakhymzhan, Zhanar; Shamshedenova, Samal; Zhupysheva, Aktoty; Rymbayeva, Roza; Turlybekova, Gulzhazira; Zhaznayeva, Zhanat Pharmaceuticals are crucial for human health, but their release into the environment through various means can contaminate groundwater, surface waters, soil, and microorganisms. The contamination of water by pharmaceuticals in Kazakhstan is not well-studied. Understanding the influence of pharmaceutical ingredients on the ecosystem and public health is a key area of ecological research. Globally, researchers are investigating the risks posed by pharmaceuticals in water sources and their environmental effects. This study uses Chlorella sp. to test the impacts of pharmaceuticals on aquatic biota, examining growth rate and growth inhibition. The study followed OECD Research Method 201. Pharmaceuticals with high pollution potential in Kazakhstan's water resources, including ketoconazole, terbinafine, drotaverine hydrochloride, telmisartan, benzylpenicillin, and azithromycin, were studied. Azithromycin was found to be the most toxic to Chlorella sp. (0.33 ± 0.05 mg/L), while amoxicillin had the least toxic effect (853.54 ±0.27mg/L). Azithromycin has significant effect to Chlorella sp. resistance, especially in smallest experimental concentrations. At 0.2 mg/L, azithromycin nearly halved the growth rate compared to the control, growth inhibition was over 87% at 0.15 mg/L (r2=0.89). Chlorella sp.showed minimal sensitivity to high concentrations of amoxicillin, with slight decrease of growth (2% at 1 mg/L, 57% at 1000 mg/L). Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.enu.kz/handle/enu/29216 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.enu.kz/handle/enu/29215 The study of perspective medicinal plants using the example of Helianthus tuberosus L. Utegalieva, Tamila; Dukenbayeva, Assiya; Ergazy, Aida; Yessenova, Gulden; Nurgabyl, Altynay This paper presents the results of microscopic analysis of a perspective medicinal plant Helianthus tuberosus used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The study was conducted to identify specific morphological and structural characteristics of this plant, which may have a positive impact on the efficacy and safety of its use for medical purposes. Different types of plant material were used in the research: fresh plants, dried plant material and preserved plant material. For preservation of the latter, a special mixture consisting of ethyl alcohol, glycerol and distilled water in equal volumes was used. Anatomical study of the structure and structure of plants was carried out using several methods: to study the structure of the epidermis, surface samples were prepared, which allowed us to get a detailed idea of the cellular composition and location of the epidermis on the surface of leaves, stems and roots of plants; for a deeper study of the internal structure of plants, transverse sections were made, which were further investigated. The results of the study suggest the high potential of this plant as a basis for the development of safe and effective phytopreparations. Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.enu.kz/handle/enu/29215 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.enu.kz/handle/enu/29214 The impact of climate aridification on rare lichen communities Bukabayeva, Z.; Abiyev, S.; Silybayeva, B.; Ivachshenko, O. The global diversity of approximately 25,000 lichen species (e.g., from the genera Usnea, Cladonia, and Peltigera), including rare and endangered ones, highlights the importance of preserving their population in the State National Nature Park “Burabay”. The objective of this study was to investigate the distribution of rare lichen species in the territory of the State National Nature Park “Burabay,” located in the Akmola region of Kazakhstan, in the period from 2018 to 2022, with a particular focus on understanding how aridification may have influenced their presence and abundance. In the course of the study, methods such as route expeditions, the comparative morphological method, as well as some other special methods were used. The collection of information to systematize the taxonomic composition of lichens (genera Lobaria, Rhizocarpon, and Xanthoria) was carried out during route expeditions. The study identified 56 lichen species, with a focus on rare and protected species. Established in 2000, the park's rich biodiversity is showcased, including the discovery of three very rare species (Dermatocarpon miniatum, Psora lurida, and Verrucaria nigrescens) and four species requiring protection (Peltigera spuria, Cladonia coccifera, Haematomma ventosum, and Caloplaca aurantiaca). These findings are significant, considering the absence of data on these species since the 1982 Red Book of Kazakhstan (including genera such as Lecanora, Lecidea, and Pertusaria). The sensitivity of lichens to environmental changes (indicated by genera like Alectoria, Bryoria, and Cetraria) makes them ideal for monitoring ecological health through a cost-effective method known as lichen indication. The increase in the species count over the past five years (highlighting genera such as Stereocaulon, Solorina, and Thamnolia) suggests effective conservation efforts and underlines the park's ecological importance. The study's findings reveal that aridification is reshaping lichen communities in the park, emphasizing their sensitivity to climate change and the need for conservation strategies to address these changes and ensure the preservation of lichen biodiversity in the face of global climate change. The research contributes valuable data for future conservation planning and environmental assessments in the region, emphasizing the need to protect diverse lichen genera (e.g., Evernia, Ramalina, and Parmotrema) for ecological monitoring and conservation. Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.enu.kz/handle/enu/29214 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z