Abstract:
This article discusses a method for analyzing the layered structure of soil using the phasemetric method of geoelectric monitoring to ensure the reliability of a railway track. The importance
of monitoring soil layers for timely detection of changes that may affect the stability and safety of
railway tracks is emphasized. The use of geophysical monitoring methods, such as phase monitoring
of the geoelectric signals, allows us to optimize measures to strengthen the roadway and increase
its durability. The present article describes laboratory experiments in which a specialized setup was
created to simulate the process of drilling through various soil layers. Geoelectric methods involving
the registration of phase characteristics of the electromagnetic field were used in an experimental
setup. The experiments demonstrated the effectiveness of the phase-metric method for determining
the characteristics of the layered structure of the soil. The results showed that the change in the phase
of the signal recorded at the receiving electrodes can be used to identify different soil layers with
different electrical characteristics, such as moisture and density. The method of modeling the physical
and geological environment using equivalent circuits of elements in the form of a dielectric made it
possible to more accurately analyze the electrical properties of the soil. Based on the obtained data, an
automatic monitoring system was developed using recurrent neural networks (RNNs), in particular
long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, for automatic detection of bends and transitions in signal
time series. Evaluation of the model’s effectiveness showed high accuracy in identifying layers, which
contributes to increasing the reliability and efficiency of monitoring the condition of the railway track.
