КОНЦЕПТ ПУБЛИЧНОГО ПРОСТРАНСТВА В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ФИЛОСОФИИ

Abstract

The purpose of this report is to trace the evolution of the understanding of public space in modern philosophy. It examines the various classifications of public spaces found in modern social sciences, humanities, and interdisciplinary studies, which are based on the philosophical works of Immanuel Kant, Hannah Arend, Jurgen Habermas, and the ideas set forth by sociologists Richard Sennett and Irving Hoffmann, among others. These authors have had a significant impact on modern interdisciplinary studies of urban space and the way it is understood and transformed.By examining different approaches to classifying public space, we can see how its authors highlighted specific aspects of publicity that, in their opinion, were emphasized during different periods of human history. In the early stages of human civilization, private and public spaces were clearly separated, but with the growth of capitalism, globalization, and urbanization, the line between private and public spaces has become blurred. Within the process of defining the public space concept in modern philosophy and highlighting nuances of its naturalness and authenticity, some authors consider the Greek agora and Roman forum as the ideal public sphere (H. Arend), while others associate the birth of modern publicity with the New Age (J. Habermas), when the bourgeois society and modern concepts of equality had been developing. The «spatial turn» in modern social sciences and humanities has led to a new understanding of public space, which is being understood as a construct of human relationships, reflecting the social reality and forms of participation in a particular period of human and society development, rather than as a pre-existing natural phenomenon.