Overview of Aseismic Design of Subway System against Hidden Fault in Osaka and Damages by Kobe Earthquake in terms of Almaty Subway

Abstract

Fault may cause not only ground motion but also ruptures and displacement of ground surface where various important lifeline systems have been installed. In Almaty, the largest city in Kazakhstan, many hidden faults are shown in microzonation map for earthquake damage. The Kobe Earthquake of 1995 showed damage of subway system due to severe ground motion. Osaka, Japan, has also hidden fault just beneath the downtown of the city. Recent subway construction in Osaka adapted a design procedure against the fault movement. This paper shows the damage of subway in Kobe during the Kobe Earthquake and describes the fault and geotechnical condition of Osaka with the adopted design as well as basic characteristics of the hidden faults in Almaty known to the authors.