Poetry of Kazakh zhyraus of the khanate period

Abstract

Relevance. Zhyrau poetry is an important part of Kazakh literature, reflecting the historical and socio-political events of the Kazakh Khanate period from the 15th to 18th centuries. This poetry provides valuable insights into the struggles and aspirations of the Kazakh people during a complex and turbulent period in their history. Purpose. This paper aims to analyze the historical aspects and role of zhyrau poetry in Kazakh literature, examining its thematic content, artistic features, and the influence of zhyraus on the social and political life of the Kazakh Khanate. Methodology. The study reviews existing research on zhyrau poetry, drawing on literary criticism, historical analysis, and close readings of selected poems. It examines the development of zhyrau poetry, the classification of its genres, and the syncretic nature of this art form, which combines elements of improvisation, music, performance, and philosophical reflection. Results. The paper demonstrates that zhyrau poetry was closely tied to the political and social realities of the Kazakh Khanate period. Zhyraus acted as advisors to khans, openly expressing their views and providing guidance on issues of national importance. Their poems reflect themes of land defense, heroism, unity, and the struggles against foreign invasions, particularly the Dzungar and Chinese forces. The study also highlights the role of zhyrau poetry in preserving Kazakh cultural identity and history during a tumultuous era. Conclusions. Zhyrau poetry is a fundamental part of Kazakh literary heritage, reflecting the complex historical and sociopolitical conditions of the Kazakh Khanate period. By analyzing the thematic, artistic, and chronotopic features of zhyrau poetry, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of the struggles, aspirations, and worldview of the Kazakh people during this pivotal era. Further research and cultural initiatives, such as feature films, are recommended to promote the study and appreciation of this important literary tradition.