NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN KAZAKHSTAN: HISTORY AND CURRENT STATE OF FUNDING

Abstract

This article analyzes the evolution and current state of financing of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Kazakhstan. Particular attention is paid to the interaction between international donors and state structures at different stages of civil society development. Key challenges, such as dependence on grants, changes in legislation, and a low level of private donations, are discussed. Based on the analysis of current trends, recommendations are offered to improve the financial sustainability of NGOs through diversifying funding sources, strengthening partnerships with the state, and developing social entrepreneurship. Kazakhstan, after the January 2022 events, faced the need for real and profound changes, including in the sphere of interaction with the non-governmental sector. However, one of the most challenging aspects of NGO development, which directly affects the sustainability of the sector, is the issue of financing the activities of organizations. To realize the goal, the authors used and analyzed statistical data for 2018–2021, regulatory legal acts, and results of research conducted on this topic earlier. The research has shown that today, there is a prevalence of state funding of NGOs with decreasing support from international donors and weak development of other alternative sources. Such a bias, despite the existing need for state support for the development of the sector, at this stage actualizes iversification of funding sources, activation of NGOs themselves to expand the visibility of organizations, and the manifestation of political will to build real partnerships.