Advanced Waste Management: Fast Pyrolysis Technology with Solid Heat Carrier for Municipal Solid Waste Processing

Abstract

Municipal solid waste (MSW) recycling is critical in addressing the environmental challenges posed by increasing urbanization and waste generation. This study explores the use of fast pyrolysis technology with solid heat carriers for efficient MSW processing. The technology, originally developed for oil shale processing, involves the thermal decomposition of waste in an oxygen-free environment using its own ash as a heat carrier. This method produces valuable outputs, including synthetic oil, gas, thermal and electrical energy, construction materials, and ferroalloys. The study conducts a comprehensive techno-economic analysis of fast pyrolysis plants with capacities of 150,000 tons/year (UTT-500) and 1,000,000 tons/year (UTT-3000), assessing their technical feasibility, economic viability, and environmental performance. Results indicate that this technology can significantly reduce harmful emissions compared to traditional incineration and offers greater versatility in processing various waste types. The findings support the potential of fast pyrolysis to enhance MSW management, aligning with circular economy principles and contributing to sustainable waste management practices. This research underscores the need for innovative solutions to improve recycling efficiency and reduce environmental impact, addressing the growing waste management challenges in urban settings.