In this paper, we analyze the early time inflation in a scalar-tensor theory of gravity where the scalar field is minimally coupled with the Gauss-Bonnet four-dimensional topological invariant. The theory belongs to a class of Horndeski models where the field equations are at the second order, like in General Relativity. A viable inflationary scenario must correctly reproduce ...

We reconstruct the effective equation of state (EoS) within the framework of the general theory of relativity in a homogeneous and isotropic Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson– Walker universe, which is assumed to be composed of matter and dark energy (DE). Our analysis employs a dataset consisting of 31 cosmic chronometer data points, six data points of baryon acoustic oscillations, ...

In this short review, we discuss how Earth’s climatological and geological history and also how the shadows of galactic black holes might reveal our Universe’s past evolution. Specifically we point out that a pressure singularity that occurred in our Universe’s past might have left its imprint on Earth’s geological and climatological history and on the shadows of cosmological ...

Many countries banned asbestos due to its toxicity, but considering its colossal use, especially in the 1960s and 1970s, disposing of waste containing asbestos is the current problem. Today, many asbestos disposal technologies are known, but they usually involve colossal investment and operating expenses, and the end- and by-products of these methods negatively impact the ...