Аннотации:
Modular construction is a modern and efficient type of construction that has
gained wide recognition in the construction industry. Limited research has been conducted
on how large door openings affect the stress state of modular blocks. The present study aims
to investigate the features of the stressed state of modular blocks with large door openings
and the effect of size and place of the doors on the openings on the overall structural
behavior of the building. Four full-scale (room-sized) modular blocks of the “lying cup”
type were tested to failure under vertical loading with eccentricity simulating wind effects.
The varied parameters of the specimens included concrete strength and the size of the
window openings. Experimental results revealed that crack opening characteristics, main
load-bearing wall deformations, horizontal deflections, and failure patterns under vertical
loads are directly influenced by the small thickness and increased flexibility of the blocks.
The effects of size and the placement of openings on the overall structural behavior of the
building were analyzed. Tests revealed the distribution of compressive stresses in the main
load-bearing walls of the “lying cup” blocks with an embedded reinforced concrete panel,
considering vertical load eccentricity. Maximum compressive stresses in the longitudinal
walls reached 70–80% of concrete strength, while in end walls and panel walls, they were
50–60%. Additionally, non-uniform deformations were observed in the supports of main
load-bearing walls near the conjunction with the end walls and the edges of door openings.
Average compressive strains in these walls were in the range of 470–500 × 10−6
, which
corresponds to 22–29% of the cylindrical compressive strength of concrete. Partial factors
accounting for loading conditions were introduced, allowing for further processing and
the evaluation of the experimental data along with developing methods of analysis of
buildings constructed with modular blocks.
