Abstract:
This article discusses the foundations of a conical shape directed with their apex downwards
to increase the cross-sectional area and, accordingly, the bearing capacity during settlement and
under the influence of horizontal tensile strains in undermined areas. To simulate the deformability
of undermined and seismically exposed foundations, a three-dimensional expandable box was
manufactured and assembled. Models of a conical foundation with an aperture angle of the cones
at 90◦ and 80◦ were buried into the soil at 0.75 of its height, in order to provide a safety margin for
further loading due to an increase in the bearing area when the cone is immersed deeper into the
ground. Laboratory and field tests were performed on the vertical loading of single cones before
and after horizontal soil displacement. Numerical modeling of the interaction between soil and
foundation was carried out for conical foundation models that were considered for laboratory and
field testing using the Plaxis 2D (Version 8.2) program. To compare the bearing capacity, isolated
shallow foundations with a diameter equal to the cross section of the conical foundation at the
intersection with the ground surface were tested. The isolated shallow foundations lost their bearing
capacity after 0.15 kN in laboratory tests and after 75 kN in the field tests, while the ultimate bearing
capacity of conical foundations with the similar cross section at the soil surface was not achieved,
even after 0.2 kN during laboratory tests with horizontal soil displacement and at a load of 100 kN in
field tests.
