Abstract:
External and internal microclimatic conditions, biodeterioration, anthropogenic factors, etc,
influence the natural stone support for artifacts and built heritage. Based on this fact, the present
study explores the effectiveness of nano-TiO2
in preserving and enhancing the durability of natural
stone used in the façades of heritage buildings, focusing on the Markovits-Mathéser House in Oradea
Municipality, Romania. The investigation involved treating rock samples (fossiliferous limestone)
with 2% and 5% nano-TiO2 solutions and subjecting them to simulated extreme climatic conditions for
the analyzed area in a controlled climatic chamber for six months. The treated samples demonstrated
a significantly higher compressive strength than untreated benchmarks. SEM analyses confirmed
that nano-TiO2
formed a protective layer, filling micro-cracks and pores, thereby enhancing the
stone’s resistance to environmental stressors. The study also found that the nanoparticle coating
maintained its integrity under extreme temperature and humidity variations, with only a slight
decrease in surface coverage. These findings suggest that nano-TiO2 coatings significantly improve
heritage building materials’ mechanical properties and longevity. However, the study highlights
the importance of careful application and long-term evaluation to ensure environmental and health
safety. Overall, nano-TiO2 presents a promising solution for the conservation of cultural heritage,
offering enhanced durability and protection against climatic and environmental challenges. Further
research is recommended to optimize application workflow and formulations for broader and more
effective use in heritage conservation.
