Abstract:
Fault may cause not only ground motion but also ruptures and displacement of ground
surface where various important lifeline systems have been installed. In Almaty, the largest city
in Kazakhstan, many hidden faults are shown in microzonation map for earthquake damage. The
Kobe Earthquake of 1995 showed damage of subway system due to severe ground motion. Osaka,
Japan, has also hidden fault just beneath the downtown of the city. Recent subway construction
in Osaka adapted a design procedure against the fault movement. This paper shows the damage
of subway in Kobe during the Kobe Earthquake and describes the fault and geotechnical condition
of Osaka with the adopted design as well as basic characteristics of the hidden faults in Almaty
known to the authors.
