Abstract:
Today in the scientific and technical literature of Kazakhstan as well as abroad
there are a significant amount of works which have been devoted to engineeringgeological mapping. By means of specialized maps it is obviously possible to assess
geological profile of building ground in general, and separate sites of project facilities.
The assessment of geological profile of territory of cities is impossible without
geoinformation technologies at the present time. Improvement of mapping services and
technologies of GIS software are widely used for engineering-geological mapping,
development plan of territories, forecasting dangerous natural processes and assessment
of various risks. However introduction of geoinformation technologies and special
engineering-geological mapping in the Republic Kazakhstan is underdeveloped and
does not play a leading role in engineering practice. The article addresses formalization
of the process of creating special geotechnical maps in GIS as a certain step-by-step
description of the process, based on a number of principles that determine the
characteristics of map indicators and the methods of mapping. Special geotechnical
maps are a basis for the decision of practical problems connected with an arrangement of
constructions on the building ground, a detailed planning and project formulation of
building blocks. The analysis of the existing methods of assessing geological profile of
the built-up territory of the city was given in order to optimize the survey and
engineering work on the construction of foundations, an example of the developed
geoinformation database for the analysis of geotechnical properties of soils and the
development of special geotechnical maps was given in addition. Also examples of types
and the reasons of deformations of buildings and constructions caused by variations in
the bases of foundations , besides the research works of the authors who developed their
own methods of conducting engineering and geological surveys and special
geotechnical maps have been analyzed and the concepts as «engineering-geological
maps», «special geotechnical maps» have been defined.
