Abstract:
One of the main drawbacks of winter wheat varieties cultivated in
Kazakhstan is their lack of resistance to common root rot. In 2020-2022,
samples affected by root rot were taken in the earing phase in stationary
experiments of the department of field crops and plant protection of the
Kazakh research institute of agriculture and plant growing in the Almaty
region. The research aimed to study the harmfulness of common root rot in
commercial varieties of winter wheat. The weather did not significantly
affect the harmfulness of common root rot. The harmfulness of the disease
depended on the variety and degree of disease infestation. These indicators
correlated with indicators of plant height, spike length, number of spikelets,
and number and weight of grains (p<0.05). All varieties were affected by the
disease to a low and moderate degree. In the varieties Almaly and
Steklovidnaya 24, yield losses from the disease were 6.4-6.8%; in Farabi,
Azharly, and Zhetysu 8.8-9.4%; and in Naz 13.0%. A total of 32-41% of
plants were affected by the disease to a low degree and 10-21% to moderate
and severe degrees. With a low degree of infestation, yield decreased by
2.4-7.1%, and with moderate and severe degrees by 4.5-12.1%. Factors of
the degree of plant infestation and variety correlated (p<0.05) with dependent
variables of productive business, stem length, spike length, number of
spikelets, and weight of 1,000 grains. Using the method of linear regression,
the authors concluded that the winter wheat spikelet number variable was
significantly influenced by the variables of stem number (medium
correlation) and spikelet length (strong correlation).
