Abstract:
In this article extremely understudied problem—the development of educational content is considered. Studying
of this problem at the present stage, according to the authors, creates conditions for the development and
realization of basic methodological guidelines, provides the scientific worldview, allows to trace the genesis of
pedagogical positions, pedagogical theories. Combining the two approaches in a single article the authors
attempted to determine that the civilizational and cultural approaches have common characteristics. Civilization
is a general evaluation of the social culture of life that allows you to “quite organically carry civilizational
approach to the field of the world educational process, in the center of which man stands, who is educated and
teaches, who develops culture created by previous generations, and transforming himself and the culture in the
course of this development”. Civilizational and cultural approaches provide a fundamental rethinking of the role
and importance of the education system of Kazakhstan.
Opinions of different authors of different historical are reviewed and compared. Such terms as “world
civilizations”, “civilization”, and “culture” are disclosed. Each term has a special meaning, character, manifested
in different aspects science. Also the essential characteristic of the basic concepts and positions of pedagogy are
considered.
