Abstract:
Even though Central Asia is water rich, water disputes have characterized the region after
crumbling of the Soviet Union in 1991. The uneven spatial distribution and complex pattern of
transboundary water sources with contrasting national water needs have created an intricate water
dilemma. Increasing national water needs, water claims by surrounding countries, uncertainties in
renewable water volumes, and effects of climate change will put further strain on the future water
use in Central Asia. We argue that the present power distribution with three downstream hegemons
(Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan) and two upstream much poorer countries with less
political influence (Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan) is not likely to lead forward to a greater willingness
to share water. We discuss this situation with the analogue Egypt-Sudan-Ethiopia in the Nile Basin.
Thus, as in the case of Ethiopia in the Nile Basin, gradually economically stronger upstream countries
Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan due to hydropower development are likely to eventually re-define the
hydropolitical map of Central Asia. As in the case of the Nile Basin, a more even power balance
between upstream and downstream countries may lead to an improved political structure for a much
needed better collaboration on water issues.
