Abstract:
Kazakhstan has large reserves of natural resources, including coal, oil, and natural gas. We
hope to replace fossil fuels with renewable sources of energy—particularly renewable natural gas.
Thus, Kazakhstan, like other countries, should cut its dependency on coal, oil, and natural gas so as to
reach net zero carbon emissions by 2050. This study, given that Kazakhstan is an agricultural country
with a large amount of organic matter, analyzes the potential of biogas production as a source of
electricity and heat. Manure from livestock and poultry was chosen as a source of organic matter. The
climate of Kazakhstan in most of its territory is sharply continental, with large temperature differences,
which affect the process of anaerobic digestion. Consequently, the features of biogas production
in cold regions were analyzed, and the calculation shows that the equivalent of 27,723,802 kWh of
calorific energy could be obtained from the anaerobic digestion of livestock and poultry manure,
while the annual energy consumption of Kazakhstan was 9423 billion kWh. Moreover, a policy is
suggested to develop biogas production in Kazakhstan based on the agricultural land distribution
among farmers.
Keywords: biogas; methane; livestock manure; anaerobic digestion; organic matter
Kazakhstan has large reserves of natural resources, including coal, oil, and natural gas. We
hope to replace fossil fuels with renewable sources of energy—particularly renewable natural gas.
Thus, Kazakhstan, like other countries, should cut its dependency on coal, oil, and natural gas so as to
reach net zero carbon emissions by 2050. This study, given that Kazakhstan is an agricultural country
with a large amount of organic matter, analyzes the potential of biogas production as a source of
electricity and heat. Manure from livestock and poultry was chosen as a source of organic matter. The
climate of Kazakhstan in most of its territory is sharply continental, with large temperature differences,
which affect the process of anaerobic digestion. Consequently, the features of biogas production
in cold regions were analyzed, and the calculation shows that the equivalent of 27,723,802 kWh of
calorific energy could be obtained from the anaerobic digestion of livestock and poultry manure,
while the annual energy consumption of Kazakhstan was 9423 billion kWh. Moreover, a policy is
suggested to develop biogas production in Kazakhstan based on the agricultural land distribution
among farmers.
