Abstract:
This work provides a historical overview of
the formation of the architecture of residential buildings in
Astana, where the stages of the period from the second half
of the 1930s of the 20th century to the beginning of the 21st
century are identified, the definition of features of which is
characterized by the activity of housing construction and
the importance of the role of the city in the socio-economic
life of the country. As a result of the study, during the
period under consideration, three stages were identified
within which there was an active formation of residential
development in Akmolinsk, Tselinograd, and Astana. The
first stage from the 30s to the middle of the 50s of the XX
century is characterized by the development of industry
and the importance of the city as a railway junction in
Central Kazakhstan. This stage of housing development
implies three periods: pre-war (1936–1940), military
period (1941–1945), and post-war period (1946–1953).
The second stage from the mid-50s to the early 90s of the
XX century is the development of Tselinograd and is
associated with the development of virgin lands as well as
with the current stage in the development of Soviet architecture. At the third stage (the end of the 20th and
beginning of the 21st centuries), the city that has acquired
the status of the capital of a sovereign state becomes its
political, cultural, and spiritual center. The article is based
on archival materials collected by one of the authors,
Toyshiyeva A.A., in the state archives of Astana, as well as
on the materials of a field survey of residential buildings in
the city of Astana. As a result, the features of the
construction of residential buildings within the established
periods are shown, along with their formation in the wake
of the search for new architectural and planning,
space-spatial, and urban planning solutions in the context
of socio-economic transformations in the development of
society
