Abstract:
Human trafficking is a severe transnational issue in Central Asia, where vulnerable populations, particularly
women, children, and migrant workers, are frequently trafficked for sexual exploitation, forced labour, and other forms
of abuse. The purpose of this study was to examine the dynamics of transnational crime in the Central Asian region and
to systematise recommendations for minimising the risks of human trafficking. This study employed statistical data in
addition to legislative documents, reports from civil society organisations, and regional mapping studies, utilised qualitative
analysis and statistical methods to assess the efficacy of anti-trafficking initiatives in Central Asia. The research findings
revealed considerable variations in anti-trafficking initiatives across Central Asian countries. Kazakhstan has achieved
significant advancements in victim support systems and legislative frameworks, whilst Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan
persist in facing challenges related to insufficient victim identification and assistance infrastructure. Trafficking routes in
the area are varied, with victims being exploited in neighbouring countries like Russia and Turkey, as well as more distant
locations such as the United Arab Emirates and India. Women and children are the most susceptible demographics, with
an excessive proportion of trafficking victims emerging from economically deprived homes. The research highlighted
the critical necessity for increased inter-agency collaboration, refined data-gathering systems, and robust victim
protection protocols. Moreover, it underscored the necessity of using international best practices to efficiently address
human trafficking throughout Central Asia. These findings can inform policymakers, law enforcement agencies, and nongovernmental organisations in Central Asia and abroad to formulate more focused, coordinated strategies for combatting
human trafficking, especially through enhanced victim identification and protection mechanisms
