Abstract:
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are efficient electrochemical energy device that converts the chemical energy of
fuels directly into electricity. It has a high power and energy density and a sustainable source of energy. The
electrode (cathode and anode) materials are essential for the efficient operation of SOFCs. Several electrode
materials have been studied in the last two decades, mainly perovskite materials. The investigated materials have
resulted in improved electrochemical performance of SOFCs, increased commercial viability, and reduced
operational costs. However, the sustainability of most of the material compositions (heteroatoms) used as
electrodes in SOFCs has never been investigated. The present study examines the recent progress, challenges, and
constraints associated with electrode material development in SOFCs from a sustainable perspective. Heteroatoms majorly employed for doping in electrode materials’ long-term availability on the earth’s surface was
established. The study also provides an overview on the current state of electrode materials development for
symmetrical solid oxide fuel cells. This is intended to address the complexities of different materials development
for the anode and cathode.
