This study uses the new institutional economic theory and demonstrates how the quality of the institutional environment can be correlated with the development of e-commerce in different countries. The goal is to analyze the impact of international indices that assess the institutional environment on e-commerce penetration in countries with varying levels of economic development. ...

Amidst the complex geopolitical dynamics of Central Asia, Kazakhstan grapples with urgent water security issues exacerbated by climate change, underscoring the critical need to examine this issue within the context of regional security. Therefore, this study seeks to comprehensively analyze Kazakhstan’s water security policy, examining its various elements and components at ...

This study examines the dynamics and effectiveness of investments in Kazakhstan’s research and development (R&D). The primary aim is to assess the efficiency of scientific research activities in Kazakhstan by analyzing the relationship between R&D investments and scientific outputs across different periods. As a methodological approach, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) calculates ...

We consider a special class of Galton–Watson theta-processes in a varying environment fully defined by four parameters, with two of them (θ, r) being fixed over time n, and the other two (an , cn) characterizing the altering reproduction laws. We establish a sequence of transparent limit theorems for the theta-processes with possibly defective reproduction laws. These results ...

Introduction: the relevance of cooperation between educational institutions and employers in developing students’ practical competence has gained prominence, supported by theories such as the dual education model and competence-based approaches. However, a significant gap remains concerning the practical relevance of education provided to students. Method: this study adopted ...

The imperfection of existing intrusion detection methods and the changing nature of malicious actions on the attacker's part led to the Internet of Things (IoT) network interaction in an unsafe state. The actual problem of improving the technology of the IOT is counteracting malicious network impacts. In this regard, research and development aimed at creating effective tools ...

Particular hopes have always been placed on the potential of scientists because they can act as a driving force for effective government. Understanding the importance of scientists ensured progress and prosperity for leading civilizations. This study aims to identify an evolutionary-chronological, geographical, and contextual scientific landscape of the development and ...