Abstract:
Relevance. This article highlights the historical context of Kazakhstan's struggle for independence amidst Russian
colonial policies, underscoring the importance of literary works as a means of cultural and political resistance.
Purpose. The primary aim is to explore the contributions of the Alash Orda movement and key figures like Alikhan
Bokeikhanov, Akhmet Baitursynov, Mirzhakyp Dulatov, and Magzhan Zhumabayev in fostering a sense of national
identity and resistance against colonial domination. It examines the use of literature and journalism by the Kazakh
intelligentsia to inspire and educate the populace, aiming to understand their role in the broader struggle for Kazakh
independence.
Methodology. The study employs a historical and literary analysis of primary and secondary sources, including poems,
newspapers, and manifestos, to trace the evolution of the national liberation idea among the Kazakh intelligentsia. It also
considers academic works and analyses by historians and literary critics to provide a comprehensive overview of the
period and the impact of Alash Orda on Kazakh nationalism.
Results. The analysis reveals that despite facing severe repression, including imprisonment and execution, members of
the Alash movement significantly contributed to the awakening of Kazakh national consciousness. Their literary and
journalistic works, such as the publications of "Kazakh" and "Awake Kazakh", played a crucial role in mobilizing the
Kazakh people against colonial rule and in advocating for independence and cultural preservation.
Conclusions. The article concludes that the Kazakh intelligentsia's efforts in the national liberation movement were
instrumental in shaping the modern Kazakh national identity. Their legacy continues to inspire current and future
generations, emphasizing the significance of cultural and political activism in achieving national sovereignty. The study
underscores the need for continued research into the contributions of these figures to fully appreciate their impact on
Kazakhstan's history and identity.
